Papers and Presentations
Please send your proposals for this
page to: Martin Doerr <martin@ics.forth.gr>
Applications & Politics
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An interesting paper about mapping
and transformation between databases and XML:
Ronald Bourret, XML and Databases, June 2001. , http://www.rpbourret.com/xml/XMLAndDatabases.htm.
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Aseem Das, Wei Wu & Deborah
L. McGuinness, Industrial Strength Ontology Management
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This paper presented by Carl
Lagoze at the Library of Congress' recent Bicentennial
Conference describes the threats posed to traditional
library catalogs by metadata (referred to as a "disruptive
technology") and the fluidity of digital resources,
and the potential benefits of event-based models such
as the ABC/Harmony model and the CIDOC CRM:
Carl Lagoze, Business Unusual: How "Event'Awareness" May Breathe Life Into
the Catalog? , Prepared for Bicentennial Conference on Bibliographic Control
for the New Millennium, Library of Congress, November 15-17 2000. Available: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/lagoze_paper.html.
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This paper describes technical
solutions that are at hand to address the problem of
convergence in resource discovery, from the point of
view of Australian memory organisations. These solutions
may take advantage of standards such as the CIDOC Conceptual
Reference Model, the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set
and the Encoded Archival Description:
Warwick Cathro, Smashing the Silos: Towards Convergence in Information
Management and Resource Discovery, Prepared for Information Orienteering
Conference, Canberra 5 April 2001. Available: http://www.nla.gov.au/nla/staffpaper/2001/cathro2.html.
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This program will touch many
topics the CIDOC CRM is thought for:
The American South: Program Planning for Resources in Culture & History,
Report to the Southeastern Universities Research Association from the SOLINET/ASERL
Planning Committee, April 2000.
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The CIMI Side of RLG: Why RLG
has always been a member of the CIMI consortium, (RLG
Focus, February 2001). Available: http://www.rlg.org/r-focus/i48cimi.html.
There are links at the end of the article to both the CIDOC home page (with
yet other links!) and to the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model.
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This gives a broad overview/introduction
of the model:
Touring the RLG Information Landscape: the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model,
(RLG Focus, August 2000).
The following items are about information
integration technology only:
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Here a technological project
in the wider area of achieving interoperability:
MIX: Mediation of Information Using XML, http://www.npaci.edu/DICE/MIX/.
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An interesting product, which
actually works: XML Junction claims to support data integration
from hundreds of data formats on virtually any platform:
XML Junction Net , http://www.xmljunction.net/.
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Philosophical Considerations
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This paper presented by Carl
Lagoze at the Library of Congress' recent Bicentennial
Conference describes the threats posed to traditional
library catalogs by metadata (referred to as a "disruptive
technology") and the fluidity of digital resources,
and the potential benefits of event-based models such
as the ABC/Harmony model and the CIDOC CRM:
Carl Lagoze, Business Unusual: How "Event'Awareness" May Breathe Life Into
the Catalog? , Prepared for Bicentennial Conference on Bibliographic Control
for the New Millennium, Library of Congress, November 15-17 2000. Available: http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/lagoze_paper.html.
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This paper provides a comprehensive
discussion about the relation between reality and conceptual
models. A must for everyone dealing with conceptual modelling!
John M. Artz, A crash course in metaphysics for the database designer ,
Journal of Database Management 8(4), 1997.
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The following paper provides
a deep inside in matters of Physical Objects and Physical
Features. We may regard Physical Features as "fiat objects".
Personally, I would however not regard a set of chessman
as "fiat objects", a nice matter for discussion!
Barry Smith & Achille C. Varzi, Fiat & Bona Fide Boundaries , Available
at: http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/documents/disk0/00/00/02/97/cog00000297-00/fiatvs.html (html version) & http://www.columbia.edu/~~av72/papers/Ppr_2000.pdf (pdf version)
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Data Structures, Formats & Encoding
The following papers provide
a sound theory for the notions of time proposed in version
3.0 of the CIDOC CRM:
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Wes Cowley & Dimitris Plexousakis,
Temporal Integrity Constraints with Indeterminacy , Proccedings
of the 26th VDLB Conference, Cairo, Egypt, 2000. Available: ps
file (180 Kb).
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Wes Cowley & Dimitris Plexousakis,
An Interval Algebra for Inderterminate Time , Copyright © 2000,
American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org).
Available: ps file (103
Kb).
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This paper describes a straightforward
method to create a DTD from an ontology like the CIDOC
CRM. Of course other methods are possible, but this looks
quite reasonable. It does not seem to foresee inverse
link formulation, something we could easily add. The
idea to have the whole model as one DTD and to pick up
a root element at need is not bad. Much can be done with
multiple stylesheets on top. It can be taken as a base
to create further compatible derivatives:
Michael Erdmann, Rudi Studer, Ontologies as Conceptual Models for XML Documents
, In: Proceedings of the 12th Workshop for Knowledge Acquisition, Modeling
and management (KAW'99), Banff, Canada, October 1999. Available: ftp://ftp.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/pub/mike/xml.kaw99.pdf.
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RDFS is being accepted as W3C
standard. See:
Dan Brickley, R.V. Guha, Resource Description Framework (RDF) - Schema
Specification , W3C Proposed Recommendation 03 March 1999. Available: http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-rdf-schema-19990303/.
Currently, RDFS is the best data exchange format for the CIDOC CRM. As
such, it can be directly used for RDF Metadata formulation. A prototype
XML DTD, or better XML Schema, and a UML formulation would round up the
practical offer.
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The following is an important
data format for art object description:
AMICO Data Specification , February 1999 Available: http://www.amico.org/docs/dataspec.html.
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You may find this paper interesting:
S. Cranefield and M. Purvis, UML as an Ontology Modelling Language , In
Proceedings of the Workshop on Intelligent Information Integration, 16th
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99),
1999. Available: http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cranefield99uml.html.
The CIDOC CRM could be represented in this form of UML. Properties (Attributes
in the TELOS terminology) become association classes. It supports IsA hierarchies
between properties and properties on properties. Attributes (those in the
class boxes) would not be allowed to be used. Unnamed associations and
aggregations should be forbidden as well. All associations would be 0..*
at both ends.
As the paper points out, UML semantics are still rather undefined. The
graphical representation would be useful in any case.
Note the two names at each end of an association! This is precisely the
way we name properties in the CIDOC CRM, a feature missing in RDF.
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This comprehensive note may
find your interest. The same arguments apply to why the
CIDOC CRM is not defined as XML model:
Tim Berners-Lee, Why RDF model is different from the XML model , September
1998. Available: http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/RDF-XML.html.
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Implementations based on the
CIDOC CRM imply the generation of supposedly unique identifiers.
Typically nothing bad happens, if, e.g., Martin D?rr
and Doerr, M. are taken for two different persons. We
get less conclusions, but no false results (under certain
assumptions). Eventually, the CIDOC CRM should contain
a property "presumably identical" etc. Here two papers,
which deal with algorithms to find out duplicates:
Tak W. Yan, Hector Garcia-Molina, "Duplicate Removal in Information Dissemination" ,
Stanford University, Draft 2000-10-2 11:33.
&
James C. French et.al., "Automating the Construction of Authority Files
in Digital Libraries: A Case Study", ECDL'97.
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Conceptual Modeling, Ontologies & Metadata
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Graphical representation of the harmonized EDM-CRM-FRBRoo-DC-ORE models, Martin Doerr, September 2011
Available: EDM-DC-ORE-CRM-FRBR_Integration.ppt (195 Kb)
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Graphical representation of the harmonized EDM-CRM-FRBRoo-DC-ORE-CRMdig models, Martin Doerr, September 2011
Available: EDM-DC-ORE-CRM-FRBR-CRMdig_Integration.ppt file [222Kb]
- This paper motivates and describes
the methodology applied to the CIDOC CRM:
Martin Doerr, "The CIDOC
CRM - an Ontological Approach to Semantic Interoperability
of Metadata", to appear in: AI Magazine, Special
Issue on Ontologies, Nov. 2002. Available: word
file [447 Kb], pdf
file [589 Kb]
- This paper describes a merging
of the CIDOC CRM and MPEG-7
J. Hunter, "Combining the
CIDOC CRM and MPEG-7 to Describe Multimedia in Museums",
Museums on the Web 2002, Boston, April 2002. Available: pdf
file
- Prasenjit Mitra, Gio Wiederhold
and Stefan Decker: A Scalable Framework for Interoperation
of Information Sources.
1st International Semantic Web Working Symposium (SWWS `01), Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, July 29-Aug 1, 2001, Jul. 2001. Available: pdf
file.
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An good introductory article
about ontology development, as cited in the new weekly
newsletter ShelfLife recently:
Natalya F. Noy & Deborah L. McGuinness, Ontology Development 101: A
Guide to Creating Your First Ontology . Available: html
file (197 Kb).
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This paper describes the latest
version of the ABC metadata model:
Carl Lagoze & Jane Hunter, The ABC Ontology and Model.Journal of Digital
information, volume 2 issue 2 Themes: Digital libraries, Information discovery
2001-11-06 Available: pdf
file (275 Kb).
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A presentation illustrating
in simple terms some benefits of object-oriented models
for information integration:
Martin Doerr Why do we need an "Object Oriented Model" ? , Atlanta, August
31, 2000. Available: ppt file (113
Kb).
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Martin Doerr Background of the
CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, Ottawa, August 29,
2000. Available: ppt
file (80 Kb).
This presentation describes the history and rationale of the CIDOC CRM.
Presented in Ottawa on the CIMI meeting.
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Martin Doerr, Nick Crofts, Maria
Theodoridou, Metadata and the CIDOC CRM - A Solution
for Semantic Interoperability , CIDOC 2000 Conference,
Ottawa, August 25, 2000. Available: ppt
file (556 Kb).
This presentation explains the role of the CIDOC CRM with respect to metadata.
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Maria Theodoridou, Martin Doerr,
Classifying Historical Documents , ICS-FORTH, July 2000.
Available: ppt file (147
Kb).
This presentation proposes a method for classifying historical archives
at item level. This method has been applied in the Greek project ARCHON
on the Turkish Archive of the City of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Martin Doerr, The CIDOC CRM
Format , Washington, September 22, 1999. Available: ppt
file (47 Kb).
This presentation describes the format of the Definition of the object-oriented
Conceptual Reference Model.
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Those interested in the problem
of subject encoding should read this paper. Beyond that,
it is a wonderful study about alternatives in conceptual
modelling.
Christopher A. Welty & Jessica Jenkins,Formal Ontology for Subject,
Appeared in J. Knowledge and Data Engineering. 31(2)155-182. September,
1999. Copyright 1999, Elsevier Science. Available: http://www.cs.vassar.edu/faculty/welty/papers/subjects/subject.html.
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This paper shows, how an ontology
like the CIDOC CRM can be applied to metadata mapping.
Jane Hunter & Darren James, The Application of an
Event-Aware Metadata Model to an Online Oral History
Project http://archive.dstc.edu.au/RDU/staff/jane-hunter/OralHistory/paper.html
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The following paper presents
an approach intellectually related to the CIDOC CRM:
David Bearman, Eric Miller, Godfrey Rust, Jennifer Trant, Stuart Weibel,
A Common Model to Support Interoperable Metadata - Progress report on reconciling
metadata requirements from the Dublin Core and INDECS/DOI Communities ,
D-Lib Magazine, January 1999 Available: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january99/bearman/01bearman.html.
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With this presentation we published
the first version of the CIDOC CRM to the CIDOC community
Martin Doerr, Nicholas Crofts, Electronic Communication on Diverse Data
- The Role of the oo CIDOC Reference Model , 18th General Conference of
the INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF MUSEUMS (ICOM), Melbourne, Australia, October
13, 1998. Available: ppt file (469
Kb).
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The following paper explains
in chapter 2.1 the "incremental approach", which is analogous
to the notion of "extensibility" we like to
develop for the CIDOC CRM. The "Enterprise Model" can
be regarded equivalent to the CIDOC CRM, the "intermodel
assertions" equivalent to mappings to other data
formats. The Description Logic framework is less theoretical,
than it may appear. In real implementations, procedural
approaches can often replace the use of a DL implementation.
DL is useful to prove, that solutions exist. DL and RDF/RDFS
are very close. DL can be seen as reasoning mechanism
over RDFS/RDF:
D.Calvanese, G. De Giacomo, M.Lenzerini, D.Nardi, R.Rosati, Descripton
Logic Framework for Information Integration , Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf.
on the Principles of Knowledge Representation & Reasoning (KR' 98),
pages 2-13, 1998. Available: http://www.dblab.ntua.gr/%7Edwq/KR-98_dwq.pdf.
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This reference model for bibliographic
concepts, even though not object-oriented, is extraordinary
in the detail and clarity of its definitions, and can
be related to the CIDOC CRM:
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records , Final Report, UBCIM
Publications - New Series Vol 19, September 1997 Available: http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm.
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The data model of the National
Museum of Denmark, shares many concepts with the CIDOC
CRM:
Barry Eaglestone, Robert Holton, Lene Rold, GENREG: A Historical Data Model
Based on Event Graphs , DEXA 1996: 254-263. Available: http://star.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/dblp/db/indices/a-tree/r/Rold:Lene.html.
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